Essay Final

history-final-essay

Homework

If i were a factory worker in France in 1910 I would know that living would be very hard.  I would be only making a few dollars a day and if I had a family, we would be scrounging for food.  I would be very skinny and would probably just be skin and bones.  My boss on the other hand would be round and plump and would be making a ton of money.  The reason for my going hungry and working in these factories is the industrial revolution and even before that, the agricultural revolution, in which mass amounts of food were being made which enabled people to move to the city and get jobs.  Unfortunately we have a problem, the supply of jobs is not that many and the demand for them is extremely high.  The job availability is growing linearly while the demand for the job is growing exponentially.  In Germany, a war was breaking out between the working people and the people in charge.  The factory workers in Europe wanted to unite and fight against the imperialists in Europe so they could overthrow them and have things their way.  This did not work out because everyone had a strong sense of nationalism and they wanted to fight for their own countries and fight against the others.  I would be against the war with Germany because personally, I do not like war one single bit.  If I were to go to war then I would go to war against the imperialists and ally with the other factory workers who wanted to be treated fairly and to be credited for their work.  I think that the factory workers had a hard time getting what they wanted and in the end they didn’t because then everyone was too focused on going to war and the factory workers had to make the tools they were going to use in the war.  In conclusion, I do not think that we should go to war with Germany to avoid intensifying the bad relations between the good people of the country and go against the people who are making us miserable and who are not giving us enough money to eat. 

pg.769 #s 3 and 4

3. a. Some of the factors that led to the fall of the Qing dynasty were:

• the open door policy appealed by the U.S. government
• the country did not like the young Qing emperor’s ideas of hoping to reduce foreign interference by revitalizing his government and modernizing China
• the boxer rebellion
• the kuomintang, a new political party that grew out of the nationalists’ desire for reform
• revolts led by the kuomintang and the eventual ending of the Qing dynasty

b. The Nationalist movement grew and changed under the leadership of Chian Kai-sheck by growing the army and gaining control of Hunan province and the cities of the Wuhan area.

c. The factors that led to the rise of communism in China are:

• a small group of Chinese intellects meeting in Shanghai and founding the Chinese Communist Party
• the long march where 100,000 Communists made their way on foot from Jiangxi to Shaanxi province
• Mao Zedong being established as the leader of the Communist group
• The Communists urged the pheasants to support the revolution
• support for communism growing among those who believed that Japan was the true enemy

4. Today I am here to speak to you about the dangers that we face, the Communist Party.  As members of the Nationalist group, we are here to do what is best for the people, not what is best for the fights that we are having.  The Communist Party does not care if we have a good education system or if we build our countries values, they care about keeping the other countries out and fighting them for the better things.  We do not need better things in this country from other people, we need to make ourselves better.  We do not lie to our people, we do not bribe our people, we tell them what we are doing and we ask them if they want it.  If they say no, we do not fight them or pressure them to do what we want, we go with the ideas of the people and we work with it.  With the Communist Party as our leaders then we will have no say whatsoever in what we do every day of our lives.  We will not be able to have a voice in this country.  The Communists will take over and do what they want to do without even listening to a word we have to say.  If we want this country to be in our hands and have the country evolve and grow under our ideas that are for the better then we have to be strong and not let the Communists ruin our country because it is ours, the people, not just one persons’ but everyone’s.  

Make Up Homework pg.416 #4 and pg.421 #2

pg. 416:

4. a. The changes that the growth of cities brought to China led to the growth of popular culture in China.  Such culture includes novels, plays, street storytellers, and writings of this period. 

b. The attitudes that Chinese rulers might have had toward foreigners during the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties were that they did not want to get too involved with the other countries because they wanted to keep everything their own.  They also wanted to make sure that no one conquered them so they had to be able to defend themselves very easily.

pg. 421

2. Opium War-conflict between China and Britain, lasted from 1839 to 1842, result of the Chinese trying to forcibly stop the opium trade

Treaty of Nanjing-China gave the island of Hong Kong to the British 

Taiping Rebellion-lasted from 1850 to 1864, caused terrible destruction in southern China and the Yangtze valley

Make Up Homework pg. 681 #s 1 and 3

1. Meiji Restoration-when a group of samurai overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate and returned the emperor to power

Diet-the new constitution created this two-house national assembly

Sino-Japanese War-when both Japan and China sent armed forces to Korea 

Treaty of Shimonoseki-ended the Sino-Japanese War when China was forced to give Korea its independence

Mongkut-ascended to power in 1851 and was particularly good at diplomacy

Liliuokalani-did not want foreigners to control Hawaii

Emilio Aguinaldo-led the Filipinos in a fight for independence

3. a. British rule affected India by being active rulers and keeping the public order.  They also ended many local wars, built roads, bridges, and railroads, established factories, hospitals, and schools, and tried to improve Indian farming methods.  The British also put themselves above Indian society.

b. The Japanese were able to reform and industrialize their nation so quickly because the samurai took action and told them that the government needed to make broad changes.  This new government brought new factory machinery and passed laws to encourage private citizens to start businesses.

c. United States expansion in Hawaii differed from its expansion in the Philippines because in Hawaii they started sugarcane and pineapple plantations while in the Philippines they they fought many wars in order to get what they wanted there and in Hawaii they just had to arrive and then do whatever they pleased. 

pg.558 #1 and pg.563 #s 1&2

pg. 558:

1. capitalism-describes an economic system in which individuals or corporations, rather than governments, control the factors of production

commercial capitalism-before the industrial revolution when most capitalists were merchants who bought and sold goods

industrial capitalism-during the industrial revolution when capitalists became more involved in producing and manufacturing goods

interchangeable parts-identical parts that resulted in speedy production of inexpensive muskets that could be easily repaired

mass production-the system of producing large numbers of identical items

corporations-business formed groups allowed people to buy stock in their companies

monopoly-when a corporation gained almost complete control of the production or sale of a single good or service

cartels-when several giant corporations combined to control every stage of entire industries

business cycle-the industrial revolution brought alternating periods of prosperity and decline

depression-when factories closed and laid of workers who, with less money to buy goods, further reduced demand

pg. 563:

1. free enterprise-Adam Smith’s systems that argued that mercantilist laws and regulations hindered natural economic forces

laissez-faire-means to let it be or leave it alone; Smith wanted the government not to meddle in the operations of business

humanitarians-people who work to improve the conditions of others

utilitarianism-put forth by philosopher Jeremy Bentham; argued that a law was useful and therefore good it it led to the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people

strike-when a large group of workers stops working

unions-associations formed by the workers to have more organized protests

collective bargaining-process of negotiation that had agreements that were written into contracts lasting for a fixed period of time

2. Adam Smith-scottish economist that accepted some of the ideas of the physiocrats;states in his book, The Wealth of Nations, his views on why england started the industrial revolution

Thomas Malthus-an anglican clergyman who became a professor of economics; he wrote that the population increases present the greatest obstacle to human progress

David Ricardo-wrote that working-class poverty is inevitable

Charles Dickens-used his novels to attack greedy employers

Jeremy Bentham-believed that people should be educated so that they could decide what things were good for them or would make them happy

John Stuart Mill-also believed that a government should work for the good of all its citizens

Extra Credit

I think Adam Smith is being fair when he says that people work in factories not because they want to but because they have to.  Many people need to make a living and have money to support their family so they take jobs that are not good and do not pay well but at least they pay for food and living necessities.  The poor factory workers are working in the factories because they need to make money to support themselves.  They sometimes to not have a choice when it comes to having a job and making money.  Working in a factory requires very little so if you are poor and you have not much of an education, you can work somewhere that will pay you for working and not for the knowledge that you know.  I would definitely be willing to give up things I said I couldn’t live without if it meant not working in a factory.  I can live without watching t.v.  I can live without a computer.  Sure having these things make life easier and a bit more fun but there isn’t much that you learn from them.  It is better to go out in the world and experience things for yourself then learn about them from the internet or from a television.  I think that many people could give up these things and realize that they actually can live without a t.v. or a computer.  There is no television in my house and I just recently got a computer.  Let me tell you something about not having those things: Life goes on and it is a lot more exciting without them. 

pg.550 #s 1 and 2

1. Define:

enclosure movement-smaller landholdings were being combined into more efficient, larger holdings.  common lands in England began to be enclosed, into individual plots

crop rotation-helped farmers to produce more crops using the same amount of land; planted different crops in the fields each year had the same result

Industrial Revolution-an era of rapid industrial development; followed the agricultural revolution

factors of production-a favorable combination of needed factors-land, capital, and labor

mechanization-automatic machinery was used to increase production

factory system-spinning mill was the first of many in the beginning of this modern era

vulcanization-this process is the basis of the modern rubber industry

2. Identify:

Jethro Tull-concerned about the amount of seed wasted by hand-scattering it over the fields; invented a seed drill that made it possible to plant seeds in straight rows

Richard Arkwright-invented a way to drive the machine (spinning “jenny”) by waterpower; brought workers and waterpower together and opened a spinning mill during the 1780s

Eli Whitney-invented the cotton gin, a machine that could clean much more cotton in a day than hand laborers could

James Watt-studied and improved the steam engine

Henry Bessemer-developed what came to be known as the Bessemer process-a cheaper and more efficient method of making steel

Robert Fulton-the first to build a profitable steamboat

Samuel Morse-sent an electrical current through a wire, causing a machine at the other end to click
 

pg.636 #s 2 and 4 & pg.642 # 4

pg. 636:

2. carbonari-a secret society in which giuseppe mazzini was in.

giuseppe mazzini-one of the most famous carbonari; called for all italian patriots to join his young italy movement

young italy movement-dedicated to spreading the ideas of the risorgimento; made by guiseppe mazzini

king victor emmanuel II-from sardinia;was not especially sympathetic to the liberals, but he did not want to expand sardinian territory

camillo benso di cavour-king victor emmanuel II’s chief minister; a republican and an italian patriot

napoleon III-french emperor; wanted to increase french influence; thought that if the austrians were driven from italy, france might be able to dominate the italian states

giuseppe garibaldi-a man devoted to italian freedom; led the way for the italian nationalists

4. a. The two movements that led to new nationalist movements for unification of Italy were the French revolution and the Young Italy movement in which the people of the country wanted to gain freedom from leaders from other countries that ruled over them.

b. The important leaders in the fight for Italian unification were Giuseppe Mazzini, Camillo Benso di Cavour, Napoleon III, and Giuseppe Garibaldi.

c. The kingdom of Sardinia took the lead in Italian unification because that is where most of the Italian revolutionaries ended up and they took charge to be the main people to liberate themselves from the Austrians.

pg. 642:

4. a. Prussia replaced Austria as the leading German state in Europe by building a strong army and then defeating Napoleon who at that time was probably the most powerful man in Europe.  This defeat made them very powerful and defensive in Europe. 

b. German unification differed from Italian unification because German unification made a constitution that was disapproved of by the Austrians and Prussians so they declared war on the Germans. After a while the Germans surrendered and the Austrians and Prussians received the land they wanted. After a while the Germans took the advantages of technology and used them to become allies with the Austrians.  Then Bismarck persuaded the independent states in southern Germany to join the northern Germany confederation.  The Italian unification happened when the people of Italy joined together and fought against the Austrians to gain independence of their own.

c. After unification, the makeup of the German government was that there was a federal council made up of 58 appointed members and a lower house which consisted of about 400 members. An emperor, called the kaiser was the head of the government.

Simon Bolivar’s Quote

“We have achieved our independence at the expense of everything else.”  This quote means that Simon Bolivar worked very hard to gain independence in South America.  In this process of gaining independence he brought down some other countries and it was not all easy.  He fought many wars and it took a lot of time and effort to get to this standpoint.  He knew of Napoleon and what Napoleon had done so he set high expectations for himself and he wanted to become like Napoleon in a way of having liberated countries.  Bolivar thought that South America should be free, equal, and fraternal taking after the French during the French Revolution.  To me this shows that a lot of countries were tired of having strict rule and they wanted to be free and be like the rest of the world.